amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

• Amoxicillin is an antibiotic of the penicillin type. It is effective against some bacteria such as H. influenzae, N. gonorrhea, E. coli, Pneumococci, Streptococci, and certain strains of Staphylococci. Chemically, it is closely related to penicillin and ampicillin.
• Augmentin (brand drug) contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (generic drug).
• Amoxicillin stops bacteria from multiplying by preventing bacteria from forming the walls that surround them. The walls are necessary to protect bacteria from their environment and to keep the contents of the bacterial cell together. Bacteria cannot survive without a cell wall.
• Clavulanic acid enhances the effectiveness of amoxicillin against bacteria that are ordinarily resistant to amoxicillin alone.

Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) is effective against susceptible bacteria causing infections of

• the middle ear (otitis media),
• tonsillitis,
• throat infections (pharyngitis),
• laryngitis,
• bronchitis,
• sinusitis, and
• pneumonia.

It is also used in treating urinary tract infections, and skin infections.

Common side effects of Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) are:

• abdominal discomfort,
• bloating,
• diarrhea,
• gas,
• headache,
• heartburn,
• nausea, and
• vomiting.

Other important side effects include:

• bloody or prolonged diarrhea,
• easy bruising or bleeding,
• reversible hepatitis,
• rash, and
• allergic reactions.

Serious but rare reactions include:

• seizures,
• severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), and
• low platelet or red blood cell count.

Antibiotics can alter the normal bacteria in the colon and encourage the overgrowth of some bacteria such as Clostridium difficile which causes inflammation of the colon (pseudomembranous colitis). Patients who develop signs of pseudomembranous colitis after starting Augmentin (diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and possibly shock) should contact their physician immediately.

Persons who are allergic to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, which are related to the penicillins, for example, cefaclor (Ceclor), cephalexin (Keflex), and cefprozil (Cefzil), may or may not be allergic to penicillins.

Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) should be taken on a full stomach to reduce stomach upset. No more than one tablet should be taken at a time since the extra clavulanic acid can cause stomach upset.

• Recommended adult doses are
  • 500 mg every 8-12 hours,
  • 250 mg every 8 hours,
  • 875 mg every 12 hours, or
  • 2000 mg every 12 hours.
• Dosing is based on the amoxicillin component.
• Pediatric patients weighing more than 40 kg should receive adult doses.
• Pediatric patients weighing less than 40 kg should receive 20 to 45 mg/kg every 8 or 12 hours.

• Co-administration of probenecid, a drug used for treating gout, prevents the normal elimination of amoxicillin by the kidneys and can cause high, toxic blood levels of amoxicillin.
• Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) may decrease the effectiveness of birth control pills, increasing the risk of unexpected pregnancies.
• Combining Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) and allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim) may increase the occurrence of skin rash.

• Use of Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) in pregnant women has not been well studied. Penicillins are generally considered safe for use by pregnant women who are not allergic to penicillin.
• Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) is excreted in breast milk and may cause diarrhea in the infant.